Melanoma is one of the most serious types of malignant skin tumors, originating from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin in the skin. Although less common than other forms of skin cancer, melanoma has a higher risk of spreading to other organs if not diagnosed early.
Malignant skin lesions also include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which occur more frequently and are mainly associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Risk factors include fair skin, a history of sunburns, and the presence of multiple moles (nevi).
Early diagnosis is essential and is based on clinical examination and dermoscopy. Suspicious signs in a mole may include changes in size, color, or shape, asymmetry, irregular borders, or bleeding.
Treatment depends on the type and stage of the lesion and usually involves surgical removal. In more advanced cases, additional oncological treatment such as immunotherapy or targeted therapies may be required.
Prevention plays a crucial role and includes avoiding excessive sun exposure, using sunscreen, and regularly monitoring moles with a specialized physician.
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, most skin malignancies can be treated effectively with very good prognoses.
